Dogs as Pets

Dogs, simply put, are man’s best friend. These fantastic creatures are extremely loving and undeniably loyal. Both dogs and humans are happier if we are around each other. A great deal of dog owners make their dogs a significant part of their family. Having a dog in your life awards you with numerous benefits. Dogs provide their owners with companionship and relief from loneliness, mental health benefits, physical health benefits and exercise options, built in home security, pleasure in knowing you’re caring for a living creature, and complete unconditional love. Companionship is probably the number one reason people adopt a dog. You know when you come home everyday you will always have a happy soul there to greet you. Whether you need someone to accompany you on a ride in the car, if you’re craving a little cuddling in your bed or company on the couch watching television your dog will always be there for you. When you own a dog you are never alone. In fact, just walking from room to room in your home you’ll be followed. When human beings disappoint you and you feel as you have no one you can spend time with you can always count on your canine. The loyalty of dogs is amazing and they always want to be by your side. There are many other benefits to owning a dog but for sure your dog will become your side kick. Dog ownership can have a very concrete effect on your mental and emotional well being. Just the fact that with a dog you never feel alone is totally beneficial to your mental state. Being alone can often lead to depression, and owning a dog can cure or reduce those feelings. It is reported that dogs elevate serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain which control pleasure and calming feelings. With these feelings comes a happier existence and lower stress levels. Besides the mental health benefits, having a low stress life can lead to physical benefits as well. Dogs can also be profitable to your physical body. Many studies show that dog owners have lower levels of cholesterol. Other studies reveal people who own dogs have lower blood pressure levels than someone that does not own a dog. Possibly this could be do to dog’s stress reducing capabilities. Also, studies have shown that people who own dogs have lower levels of anxiety during stressful situations than pet free people. Another added plus to owning a dog is a reason to exercise. If you are a responsible owner walking your dog is a necessity. While exercising your dog you are also exercising yourself, which is obviously beneficial. For many years people have studied the physical influence dogs have over people. All studies conclude that dog ownership has solid and substantial impact on the human body. Besides biological benefits, home security is another factor dogs play a part in. A dog can hear things that we as humans cannot hear. Anyone who owns a dog knows that no one or nothing can get five feet from their house without their dog alerting them to that fact. If a potential burglar is considering your home for a break in and they hear a dog barking, they will most definitely not go through with it. While a professional alarm system is subject to electrical and programming failures, a dog’s innate sense to protect their territory will never fail. A dog’s need to defend their home and owners is an integral part of their being. Owning a dog can make you sleep good at night and you can always rely on this failure safe means of security. People need security for their homes, but also need security for their souls. It is possible that human beings have a distinct need to care for living beings. Especially people without children, a dog can be like a son or daughter to its owner. Providing for and taking care of something that completely depends on you can create great comfort. Owning a dog can give someone great purpose and meaning in their life. In payment for taking care of your dog, he will give you complete unconditional love. No matter what your circumstances are your dog will always love you to the bitter end. Their love for you is automatic and definite. From the moment you pick them up and decide they are to become yours, they love you. As our life goes on our needs constantly evolve and change. However, love is something we need from the moment we are born until the die we die. And dogs will provide you much love as though that is their purpose on this earth. Dogs award human beings with many things. You will always have a friend you can count on. While human friends may come and go, your canine buddy will stand by your side forever. With this constant companionship comes a new mental state. Dog ownership can help you overcome depression, anxiety and stressful situations. While your mind is being soothed, your physical body can be assisted as well. By committing to physical exercise with your canine companion, you are living a healthier lifestyle. With added benefits of lower cholesterol and lower blood pressure, owning a dog can make your quality of life much better. The fact that your home is more secure because your dog will be protecting it will give anyone peace. Great purpose can be felt knowing your dog is completely relying on you. Just the feeling of total love your dog bestows on you will make your world a happier place. A dog can make your life complete. One cannot completely understand this statement if they don’t own a dog. A dog can and will make your life fuller, happier, safer, meaningful, and full of love. No wonder they call them man’s best friend.

Parent-Child Relationship Essay

The relationship between parents and their children is perhaps one of the most important relationships among human beings. The relationship between parents and their children can determine the personal growth of children as it can likewise influence the behavioral adjustments needed on the part of parents in order to meet the emotional needs of their children. Max Apple’s â€Å"Bridging† highlights how fathers oftentimes desire to fill the void left after the death of their wives just to allow their children to recover from the loss and have their lives return to normal. Chapter Six of Art Spiegelman’s Maus offers a glimpse of how children tend to draw hatred towards their fathers for attempting to erase the memories of their mothers. Lastly, Jing-mei Woo’s â€Å"Two Kinds† in The Joy Luck Club features the story of her childhood under the pressure of her mother to chase the American Dream. All of these stories emphasize the relationship between parents and their children and its effects on the personal development of children and the struggles that parents have to face in raising their children. In â€Å"Bridging,† Max Apple tells the story of a widowed father who struggles to persuade her daughter, Jessica, to trust the world after the death of her mother. In an attempt to bring her daughter back to her original emotional state, her father tries to convince her to join the Girl Scouts. However, this first step eventually fails and her father decides to join the Girl Scouts as an assistant leader, hoping that his decision is a good starting point to bring back her daughter’s trust in the world. The story is essentially about how a widowed father is given the chance to accept the necessarily â€Å"changed† relationship with his daughter. Apple’s â€Å"Bridging† explores the parent-child relationship theme primarily from the angle of having to survive a family tragedy for the rest of their lives. Apparently, the father faces the task of serving both as the father and the mother of his daughter. It is perhaps a huge task since he has to at least persuade his daughter that he can also play a motherly image in the hopes of patching up the holes in their family left after the death of his wife. Without a mother, his daughter is deprived of the chance to grow-up under the guidance of two parents. That being the case, there is reason to believe that the father is forced by the circumstances to live-up to the expectations of his 9-year-old daughter, which is exactly why he tried to join the Girl Scouts as an assistant leader. The difficulties of the father in the story, or of any father for that matter, are perhaps more intricate if the daughter is closer to her mother than her father. The father will certainly encounter the trouble of trying to fit the motherly needs of the daughter no matter the costs are. In Chapter 6 of Art Spiegelman’s Maus, husband and wife, Vladek and Anja, respectively, are trying to sneak their way back to Sosnowiec. Art’s father recalls his experience together with Anja while trying to escape from the Nazis. One interesting part of the story is when Vladek burned the diaries of Anja after her death. They contained some of the most important memories of Art’s mother and yet, as things turned out, they were no longer available for him to read and learn more about her. Even though Art was growing getting closer to Vladek during Art’s visits to his father, that recollection—the burning of Anja’s diaries—made Art infuriated at his father. It signifies how a father’s child is suffering a great loss at not being able to learn more about his mother, which is made al the more poignant by what Vladek could only remember from the diary: a sentence that says her son would one day be interested in the contents of the diary and read them. Reading the diary of a person is like reliving the life of that person in many ways. Art could have learned more about Anja after reading her diaries and, in turn, learning more about his history and his self. However, the act of burning the diaries is like an act of â€Å"murder† precisely because Vladek destroyed the remaining memories of Anja, turning her into a barely known human being sought by the one person in this world who feels that she is more than everything in life. The predicament between Vladek and Art relays how the act of depriving a child of the memories of her mother can cast a sharp divide in the relationship of a father and his child to the point of calling the father a â€Å"murderer†. In Jing-mei Woo’s â€Å"Two Kinds† in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club, two essential themes come into view: the American dream and the tension between mother and daughter in reaching for that dream. The mother, Mrs. Woo, firmly believes that diligence can eventually lead her daughter to reaching the American dream. However, it is apparent that Jing-mei is not interested at all in pursuing that dream. Her disinterest in pursuing the dream that her mother wants her to attain is best summed up in her expression â€Å"[t]hen I wish I wasn’t your daughter. I wish you weren’t my mother† (Woo, p. 142) after finally breaking her emotions for saying what she wanted to say all along, which is that she does not want to be the daughter her mother is hoping her to become. Jing-mei Woo’s differences with her mother rest on the conflict of their personal interests. The fact that her mother wants Jing-mei to realize her potential in claiming the American dream is the main reason of their misunderstandings as mother and daughter. Their case puts emphasis on the relationship strains caused by no less than differences in personal desires. At first, Jing-mei was still able to tolerate her mother’s deep desires for her and she complied with her mother’s requests despite showing lack of enthusiasm. Their Chinese culture apparently shows in the initial sections of the story, highlighting the two kinds of daughters that Chinese mothers may have: â€Å"those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind† (Woo, p. 142). Towards the end of the story, Jing-mei tries to retrace her memories with her deceased mother by playing the piano. Her act shows that no matter how deep the disagreements may be between parents and their children, there will come a time when the child will eventually learn to appreciate the value of what their parents have always wanted for them to achieve. All of the stories share the common theme of parent-child relationships. These stories teach us that the relationship between parents and their children can influence the perception of these children as they grow into adults. Moreover, parents likewise face the task of addressing the emotional needs of their children in order to ensure their welfare. Personal losses and desires of parents to ensure a better future for their children both play a critical role in shaping the harmonious relationship between children and parents. Works Cited Apple, Max. â€Å"Bridging. † Free Agents. Harper & Row, 1984. Spiegelman, Art. Maus I: A Survivor’s Tale: My Father Bleeds History. Pantheon, 1986. Woo, Jing-mei. â€Å"Two Kinds. † The Joy Luck Club. Ed. Amy Tan: Penguin, 2006. 142.

Catcher in the rye5

Catcher in the rye5 Essay In The Catcher in Rye, Holden views the world as an evil and corrupt place where there is no peace of mind, or innocence. His perception of the world does not change as the novel develops however, towards the end Holden gradually comes to realize that he is powerless to change it. Ironically I think he does mature as the novel progresses. Although we are only told of a short period of Holdens life in the book, Holden is very successful in telling his point of view of the world, a crazy, and corrupt. After Holden leaves Pencey Prep and checks into the Edmont Hotel, is where I see most of his turmoil starts to begin. When he spends the evening in the Hotel he finds himself surrounded by morons and perverts. There were screwballs all over the place. He said. His situation only deteriorates from there on. The more he looks around at the world, the more depressing it seems. (He is generous to remind us that about every 5 sentences). On his date with Sally, he asks her if she ever just gets fed up, and wanted to know if everything would just get worse if you didnt do anything about it. I saw that Holden was in a state of turmoil and confusion in that scene. He wants to put his past behind him and start a new life. I feel that this is a sign of maturity because he is at a state which he has had experience with everyday life, and wants to get far away from it. In the novel I also never saw Holden as immature, I always saw him as a protector of the innocent. When Holden sneaks into his house and talks to Phoebe I feel that he is explaining what happened on his date with Sally, about his plans and all, but in a very symbolic and picturesque manner. He essentially tells Phoebe that he wants to keep children from growing up. It takes most of the book before Holden begins to realize that he is helpless to stop he corruption. Finally, he realizes that not only is he helpless to stop it but, there is nowhere he can go to hide from it. When Holden is delivering the letter to his sister he encounters a f*** you written on the wall. Holden rubs it in with his hand so as to protect the innocent children from reading it. Later on he finds another f*** you on a wall, but this one was scratched in. He discovers he cant deface this one. I felt that this was the beginning of Holdens realization that his dreams are infeasible. Ironically enough, it is one of the innocent children that he is trying to protect who helps him come to terms with this realization. It is Phoebe who challenges his plan to head out west. As he is telling her that she cannot run away, he discovers that he too cannot run away. You cant ever find a place that is nice and peaceful, because there isnt any. The final step in Holdens maturity comes near the end of the book when he is watching Phoebe on the carousel. All the kids kept trying to grab for the gold ring, and so was old Phoebe, and I was sort of afraid shed fall off the goddamn horse, but I didnt say or do anything. The thing is with kids is if they want to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it, and not say anything. If they fall off they fall off, but its bad if you say anything to them. Holden at this point no longer regards himself as a child, taking into consideration the way her presents everyone else as kids and that he ultimately realizes that he cannot preserve the innocence of a child. Shortly after this statement Holden has a nervous breakdown. He knows with a sickening certainty that he is powerless to stop both evil and maturation. As a matter of fact it is bad to do so. READ: To Kill A Mockingbird3 EssayBibliography:

Favorite childhood memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Favorite childhood memory - Essay Example They would come down to the shore at night with us and we would spend hours by the fire. I have eight cousins in all, and the beach was a loud place when we were there. The sea was our pool and we spent hours there. At least eight hours out of every day were spent at the beach. The men in the family would spend noon time at the beach bar where they had their time and fun with our moms while we kids would go down to the game area, coins in hand, for hours of fun and junk food and games. Our moms and dads came to get us at six p.m. sharp each night. My mom and dad would have me walk near and each of them would take one of my hands in theirs as we went back to our homes for our night time meal. We always rode in our own van where we all piled in atop each other and then head out to the Italian place where they swore they had the best food in town. That was until the next night. Then we did the same thing all over again. After the night meal we would leave the place and go out for a sweet end to the day at the local ice cream shop. I would oft order the ice cream I loved most, it was a waffle cone fruit dip. To this day, I still do not know what fruit dip that was. All that I knew was that it was the best ice cream I ever had. Since no one was tired yet, the beach was the last stop of the night. The adults would pick a corner at the food court and have their tea and talk, while we would grab hold of each other and get in line for the rides. The ride we liked most was the bump car, as we chased each other on the track and hit each other’s cars. We would go back to our mom and dad all tired, and we would want to eat and drink one more time. Then it was off to the hot dog stand for a hot dog for each child. We would eat and drink as we made our way back to the van for the trip home. I think my dad drove not fast all the time so that we would have more time as a group. That is why it took him an hour to pick them up for

Scenario of judgement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scenario of judgement - Essay Example Emotional management is a self-explanatory term, however very difficult for a teen to understand. The emotions mixed with hormones create a nearly impossible to control mix of impulsivity and emotional uproar. This makes it much more likely for a teen to act on a whim, particularly when it comes to sex. The stigma attached to sex is overwhelming, and the teen in this situation cannot contain them, as their ability to manage these feelings is underdeveloped. Emotional perception and expression is the capacity to understand and recognize one’s own emotions, as well as the emotions of others, whether they are positive or negative. Teens in general have great difficulty in controlling their emotions. In this scenario, the girl thinks that she is â€Å"in love† with her boyfriend, but the most probable emotions that she is feeling are lust, as these physical and mental feelings are new and exciting. Also within this teen’s immaturity, she likely will not have a very h igh level of emotional understanding. This complex ability involves being capable of labeling emotions with words, comprehend the source and consequence of these new emotions and distinguish the connections in them. Teens’ emotions are highly volatile, often experiencing feelings WISE JUDGMENT SCENARIO 2 that they do not understand, or have a feasible explanation as to why these emotions are occurring in them. In this scenario, the teen girl believes she is â€Å"in love†, and is thus considering having sex without a firm grasp on the consequences of this sensation. This young teen girl’s emotional facilitation of thought can be used to contain these emotions, to allow her to make a better, decision that is more thoughtful. However, in all likelihood, she is simply too immature emotionally to be able to use this emotional facilitation. A very important characteristic of emotional intelligence is the ability for the teen to understand her diverse and often contra dictory feelings. These changes over the course of time in every individual, and it is doubtful that she will have a solid grasp of this concept until she is older and more emotionally mature. Within the realm of successful intelligence, Robert Sternberg (1996) believes that to be successful, you must think well creatively, practically, and analytically. Creative thinking is an inborn trait, in my opinion, that varies by individual. While some are creative in an abstract way, others’ creativity is more tangible. For many teens faced with the aspect of having sex, their creative thought often steers them to find a way to get away with it. The scenario of teens having sex is not a sign of practical thought processes. Given that their emotions and hormones are erratic, they are generally irrational thinkers, only giving cause for thought to the act of sex, not about the consequences of following through with it. In addition, on a practical level, most teens do not give much thou ght to the potential outcomes of having sex, such as a sexually transmitted disease or pregnancy. Analytical thinking is a difficult task for many teens, as it involves taking an in-depth WISE JUDGMENT SCENARIO 3 look at the situation, then making a decision. Given that teens are overall impulsive and irrational, analytical thought probably will not come to fruition in their minds until it is too late. Wisdom is a trait that comes with maturity, as being wise allows the

The design of health and safety control system Assignment - 1

The design of health and safety control system - Assignment Example The levels of oxygen in confined spaces can be depleted when there is reaction between some soils and oxygen in the atmosphere; or release of gas such as carbon dioxide that can displace ambient air. Poisonous gases, fumes or vapours can built up in the sewer; enter from connecting pipes; or leak from other areas. Residues left on surface of walls can give off gas, fume, or vapour. Scraping before painting can give rise to particulates that can contaminate the ambient air. Spray painting can give rise to volatile organic compounds depending on the composition of the paint. Volatile organic compounds can have adverse health effects including cancer. The person conducting the operation is at major risk for adverse effects described above. Since the sewer is located below a field where cattle and sheep graze, an open sewer could be a fall hazard for these animals. The control system for this operation includes barricades and procedures for confined space work. According to the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 hazards must be identified; risks assessed and precautions determined. According to the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 presence of risks of serious injury as in the operation requires following a safe system of work, and putting in place adequate emergency measures before the start of work. The safe system of work is based on the operation described above. A supervisor should be given responsibility for ensuring that necessary precautions are observed for checking the safety at each stage and being present when the work is in execution. The operator must have sufficient experience in conducting painting work in confined spaces. A determination has to be made if there is the need to isolate the sewer, and it must be checked if the isolation is effective. Before entry cleaning is required to determine whether fume s do not develop from residues while work is

Perspectives on Case Manager Project Research Paper

Perspectives on Case Manager Project - Research Paper Example In part one, a team of two researchers carried out an eighteen in-person interviews (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Notably, when one of two staff researchers was not available, either the interview proceeding was recorded or the project attorney carried on as, a substitute to maintain consistency of the interviews. More significantly, all stakeholders participated voluntarily and were subjected to the same set of questions. The open-ended questions interview took place at a location chosen by the interviewee within an average time of one hour. More so, these interviews occurred between October 2010 and December 2010 after the project had been in the market for six months. The full set of interview questions are located in â€Å"Appendix A† of this report while below is a description of the total number of interviewees and job categories: Bench Officers: One full-time dependency court Judge and one dependency Judge working part-time in criminal cases. Attorneys: Five dependency att orneys—three individual interviews, group of two attorneys. Social Worker’ from the Human Services Agency, Children’s Services Division: Three emergency response social workers, one Division Chief, and two treatment unit supervisors overseeing programs of group homes, residential treatment, placements, adoptions, and commencement planning. County Unified School District Staff: One superintendent secretary, and one child welfare linked with custody of student records. Local Community Based Organization: A focus group interview consisting of one Executive Director, one Associate Executive Director of Programs, and one Clinical Program Manager. This agency provides a wide range of services designed to foster healthy families. The researchers’ objectives of the stakeholder interview were to gain an understanding and discuss the project in terms of—communication, goals, teamwork and collaboration, resources, and impacts of the case manager position Comm unication Researchers received a wide variation of responses based on how often the stakeholder’s role communicated with the case manager. More significantly, each stakeholder had a different role and thus, communication with the case manager took place at different times and for different reasons. Only eleven percent of interviewees were able to give researchers a frequency of how often the communication occurs. Another eleven percent stated that communications occurred by either phone or email. In addition, researchers received key information about caseload type(s) and reasons as, to why communication among stakeholders is widespread or not. Notably, one interviewee stated that, â€Å"half of my cases have contact with the case manager†¦my caseload is up to 100.† Along the same lines, seventeen percent of interviewees mentioned that because the caseload for the target population is so low, they hardly ever cross paths (Fattoruso & Quinn, 2007). Conversely, twen ty-two percent of interviewees noted that they have never worked with the case manager. Moreover, the variation in responses depended on various settings. Seventeen percent of interviewees attested to the fact that their communications were in settings such as, formal meetings and dependency hearings. More significantly, twenty-two percent of interviewees provided examples of the educational issues comprising of requests for school credits, graduation options, school changes, and continuing education as, they worked with the c

Philosophy - Kant Treatment of animals, Utilitarianism Vegetarianism Essay

Philosophy - Kant Treatment of animals, Utilitarianism Vegetarianism - Essay Example For instance, Immanuel Kant is opposed and condemned on the basis of his notion that only humans serve as the object of honor. The critics argue that Kant does not present anything in favor of displaying kindness towards animals, nor does he condemns exercising butcheries on the creature that is unable to speak or deliver a single word even. Kant does not give animals the status equal to man but is of the view that since the animals are unable to describe their pains and sufferings, they should be treated with kindness in the same manner as it is displayed towards the person. Hence, if Kantian philosophy is considered in its true prospect, it becomes crystal clear that the renowned philosopher lays stress upon the same moral values adopted by an overwhelming majority of the individuals belonging to various cultures and societies of the world. Moral values maintain the direct relationship with religious beliefs, social norms, and cultural values. All existing religions and culture preach kindness towards animals, and the same is emphasized upon by the philosophers. Neither religion, nor society allows harsh treatment of animals, but the life of the animals cannot be stated as honorable, precious and prestigious and that of the persons (i.e. humans) In his work under the title the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant declares that man is bound to pay his duties and obligations to himself and his fellow beings i.e. persons and nature of duties towards animals is surely different from those which are towards human beings.

Up dates on the mental disorder panic disorder with agoraphobie (PDA) Essay

Up dates on the mental disorder panic disorder with agoraphobie (PDA) - Essay Example HelpGuide (2006) identifies the general treatments as â€Å"cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of the two†. Little is known on the recent developments on the study of these existing treatments. This paper then will attempt to evaluate some recent studies or new investigations that researchers have come up with to gain knowledge on the nature of PDA and its treatments. National Institute of Mental Health says that there are approximately 2.4 million of American adults having panic disorder within the age group of 18 to 54 years. Which is â€Å"about 1.7 percent of people in this age group† and about one third of this population have agoraphobia (as cited in Helpguide, 2006). Symptoms of this disorder feature physical symptoms like shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations, nausea or abdominal distress that are brought on by incidents that bring intense fear of being alone, dying and losing control in a public place. People with this particular panic disorder try to avoid or endure circumstances which they know they are not at eased with. Another indication is that they tend to become bound to their houses for long periods of time. Like other mental disorders, it is associated with many possible factors but the accurate cause of this disorder is yet to be known. One reason could be that physical symptoms of the anxiety attack of a panic d isorder with agoraphobia coincide with symptoms of other medical conditions. Treatment of PDA usually comes with cognitive-behavior therapies like exposure therapy. It is a very effective way of treating the disorder because first and foremost it makes the patient understand and accept the nature of his situation. In a study done by Asbahr, De Araujo, De Barros-Neto, Ito, Marks, & Tess (2001), self exposure to interoceptive or internal phobia cues were studied in comparison to self exposure to external phobia cues. This study was conducted because exposure therapy to external

Educating in math Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Educating in math - Essay Example Every problem in mathematics requires understanding of the underlying concept and using the ideas to solve the problem. By studying mathematics major, I have the opportunity to work on many mathematics problems in various topics such as geometry, calculus and statistics. Through the study of mathematics, my analytical skills will be enhanced, and this will help me think clearly. For instance, one of the analytical skills needed in mathematics is paying attention to detail. This will allow my mind develop the ability to think critically and come up with logical arguments. In addition, one the important skills in mathematics is the ability to investigate in order to understand and solve mathematics problems. This skill also contributes to improving my thinking through deeper analysis and examination of a problem. Studying mathematics involves interpreting texts, mathematical expressions, functions and graphs. As a student, I have to communicate these ideas to the teacher and fellow students in order to demonstrate my understanding. Therefore, through mathematics, my communication skills will be greatly enhanced. The math major course gives me the opportunity to engage with fellow students and the teachers in understanding mathematical concepts and solving problems. Communication is important in every aspect of life, and mathematics helps me improve on this important skill. This will be vital not only to my social life but also throughout my career. The knowledge acquired by studying mathematics major is important in enhancing creativity and innovation. In particular, the knowledge gained through studying various topics in mathematics will help me create solutions to current problems. For example, the ideas gained through the study of statistics could be used to provide creative solutions on how to manage an organization’s data. The math major course offers the flexibility one needs in providing creative and innovative solutions to various problems.

Post Mortem Review Essay Example for Free

Post Mortem Review Essay OBJECTIVE This memo details the benefits and drawbacks of a postmortem review of this training project. Additionally it will include who should partake in the postmortem review meeting, and in conclusion what the team hope’s to discover upon conclusion of this review. BENEFITS OF A POSTMORTEM REVIEW The benefits of this review are to list the goals versus outcome of the project, the budget against the final costs, and stakeholder participation. It is also helpful to document what went well and what did not go well during this project. Areas to review are morale, communications, and cost components such as hardware, software, office space, people, time, and budget. This should also include project scope, requirements, conflict management, and deadlines. DRAWBACKS OF A POST MORTEM REVIEW The drawbacks of this review are that it is too late to correct or fix any problems or errors that occurred during this project. Because this project is so small, there are few milestones to help gauge the success of the entire project. THE MEETING There will be a meeting the day after training ends on February 14, 2000 at 800 am at the Holiday Inn media room for the sponsor, project manager, and trainers to discuss the lessons learned and to prepare the postmortem report. Stakeholders will take notes during the project to ensure there is valuable feedback prepared bout how things went, the milestones, what went well and what could be improved upon for the final meeting. The project will terminate on February 14, 2000 and a final meeting and presentation will be provided to the stakeholders. This presentation will cover the project history and summary to include: ââ€"   Project description ââ€"   Project MOV ââ€"   Scope, schedule, budget, and quality objectives ââ€"   Comparison of planned versus actual ââ€"   Original scope and history of any approved changes ââ€"   Original budget versus actual cost of completing the project ââ€"   Test plans and test results ââ€"   Deliverables and Milestones ââ€"   Ongoing support required and duration ââ€"   Project documentation list ââ€"   Systems documentation ââ€"   User manuals ââ€"   Training materials Closing the Project: Upon conclusion of the presentation meeting, the project manager, and team will conduct an administrative closure. Team member performance will be reviewed, an audit of the project by an objective outside party and evaluation to determine if the project achieved its envisioned MOV. Additional documentation such as lesson’s learned and best practices will be evaluated and documented. CONCLUSION This meeting hopes to serve as a valuable resource for everyone involved in this project and a helpful guide to future projects. References Marchewka, J., (1998). Information technology project management, 4e. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Mantel, J., Meredith, S. (2000). Project management, a managerial approach . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.

The Artist Essay Example for Free

The Artist Essay Describe what Spoon Feeding is in cinema. What example did we watch in class? The actor in that film spoke four words to the camera what are those words? How did the speaking of those lines spoon feed what was obviously depicted prior to that dialogue? Spoon feeding in cinema is a device used by directors to plainly state to the audience exactly what happened. Sometimes it may be obvious, such as the example we watched in class. Schwarzeneggers character, Dutch says aloud after the Predator passes him over, He couldnt see me. The audience has certainly already realized that the predator couldnt see him. This sort of device has the ability to be used artistically but in this case it really Just seems a little belittling to the audience. 2- Describe the use of body language in Peter and the Wolf, how was this achieved in the film? Peter and the Wolf, being a silent film, depended largely on character body language to illustrate concepts. Each character was specifically defined in their motions. Peter was curious and sneaky. You could sense caution in the way that he moved and looked at things- the eyes were very telling. The duck, carefree and goofy, flipped, flopped, and plopped all over the place. The wolf was dangerous yet noble, his posture was very distinct. The music in the film helped to magnify that body language. 3- Describe the scenes and what form of communication is depicted when pretense is revealed in 2001 a space odyssey and One flew over the Cuckoos nest 2001 : Pretense is revealed when the two men speak in secret while in the pod. HAL, despite being cut off from audibility of the other two, is still able to see the men speaking. All sound in the film cuts off and the camera zooms in to the mens lips oving, panning back and forth between the two mens conversation. Not knowing that he can see them, they continue to conspire against HAL as he reads their lips. OFOTCN: The most obvious pretense in One Flew would be Chiefs unveiling to Mac that he does indeed speak and can understand everything around him. The men sit on a bench awaiting treatment and Mac offers Chief a stick of gum. He takes it and thanks him. In Macs moment of bewilderment Chief goes on to say Ah, Juicy fruit. To which Mac is simply overjoyed. The difference between the two being that one Describe director Stanly Kubricks use of the absence of sound used in 2001 a space odyssey Kubricks use of silence is all too relevant in 2001. With so many long drawn out shots of the ship, he does well to remind the audience that the scene is set in space. Space, by nature, is a vacuum and for that is void of all sound. This really helps to put the audience up there with the astronauts. In many scenes which he doesnt use are those involving the processes of HAL. It kind of suggests that he is cold and collected. He is not a human with a heartbeat. His processes are silent. Looking back on the cene where HAL witnesses the other two astronauts speaking secretly the audience hears nothing. This silence is his processing. Its his cold logic and elaborates planning of what to do in order to preserve himself. 5- Describe director John doormans use of sound in Hell in the Pacific. Describe Jane Campions use of sound in The Piano. What kinds of sounds do both films have in common? I absolutely loved the sound used in Hell in the Pacific. Much of it was so wild and chaotic, not dissimilar the trapped mens situation. doorman embellished the sound of water in several instances; waves crashing, water droplets, rain. Its probably one of the most important props in the film; after all, you cannot live very long without water. Campion used music very creatively to establish setting and give characters a means of expression. Ada would play, Baines would lust after her music, Flora would sing. Both films, though portray water in very deliberate ways. The Piano begins and ends with the main characters crossing over water to a new home. It seems like the water is trapping Ada here on this island and the first indication of what would be a difficult Journey is the wave crashing upon her and the piano while she played it on he beach. This scene is similar to the one in which the Japanese man, while on lookout, had water crash through his fort, if you will call it that. 6- Billy and Flora While the two characters serve very different purposes in their respective films they are alike in that they have very childlike attitudes. Flora actually is a child and her actions are expected of one of her age. Billy, on the other hand, possesses the shyness and demeanor that a child might but it is most likely attributed to his mental affliction. The two both wear their emotions on their sleeve. Flora very vividly xpresses her disapproval of Ada attempts to contact Baines through her and goes so far as to, twice, betray her own mother. Billy is easily flustered by social situations, is often seen in The Piano entertaining herself. She has a wild imagination and will talk to Just about anyone. Billy tends to hang around the other patients but is still well reserved. He has nervous tendencies; stuttering, lack of eye contact, closed off body language. Another stark contrast between our two youthful characters is that they lie on opposite sides of their respective communication spectrum. Flora acts as a translator for Ada. When Ada wants to be heard she signs to Flora and Flora speaks for her, whereas it seems as though Billy is the one that needs a voice in One Flew. An example of this is during the therapy session when he is clearly uncomfortable and would rather not speak on the subject. It is here that another patient speaks up and suggests that maybe Billy doesnt want to talk about this particular subject. 7- Stewart and Nurse Ratched Two intriguing characters. They are both antagonists to their stories but both seem unaware, at least outwardly that that is their place. Their antagony does not seem to be misplaced though. Nurse Ratched is the head nurse; I think her character is a little deeper than Stewarts. It seems there are many levels to her. Initially she appears as a good well-kept nurse. She is soft spoken yet direct in her tone. It later becomes more apparent that she is more controlling than one might have initially thought. The ward is her world. What she says goes. And even when the patients play her game she always is the victor; the vote, for instance, despite there being Just enough votes to trump her she still refused the boys the baseball game. Its really hard to say whether she is really truly bad though. As head nurse it is her Job to maintain absolute order. In a facility such as the setting she is right to say that even the slightest change would potentially provoke certain patients to cause a difficult situation. Steward, on the other hand, despite his wealth and position he doesnt have complete control. He wants control but Adas will is too strong. Stewart goes to great efforts to try to keep her caged but she prevails. Even when he violently cuts off her finger she does waiver. Even Stewards anger and upset (not necessarily his actions) are understandable. He has brought Ada over to marry him and love him but ever for a moment is this what she wants. Hes frustrated but he truly does try to make her happy. When he cannot please her he falls apart. Ada and the Chief The most obvious similarity is the characters silence the two share. You do at some point in both films get the experience the voice of the characters; Ada, while she narrates the beginning and end of the film and Chief, while he and Mac patiently wait for their punishment and enjoy a stick of gum together. While the Adas and the Chiefs silence is chosen I feel that Chiefs is more of free will than Adas silence. The Chief only ad opted silence as a way to protect himself while in the institution. Ada accustomed to it not only as a habit but as a lifestyle. Youth is when you develop your personality Even in the film it is evident that Chief is effluent in his speaking abilities. When Ada begins to speak again she has a difficult time because she simply never learned to do it well. They both seemed to be hiding themselves somehow. Its unsure exactly what might be affecting Ada, maybe a childhood event of some sort. It does seem clear that Chief is affected by two clashing cultures. His mother is white nd his father native American. His father lost himself in alcohol, he is clearly affected. 9- Mac and Baines Mac and Baines are both deviants to their cultures. They have both been shunned and placed outside of society on one way or another. Baines seemed to have disagreed with his own culture so much he went so far as to remove himself completely from it. He actual mingled into the Maori culture, the natives of the land. In this culture some of the social mores of the colonial white culture are accepted with open arms. Baines is a very emotionally expressive character and he chose to join an expressive culture. Mac is most certainly deviant. But where Baines is more of an introverted deviant Mac displays extroversion in spades. He comes from a workhouse. He was kicked out for getting into a fght with another worker. He chose to run with the verdict that he was crazy because it meant that he would not have to go to Jail. They are both very sexual. Baines provokes a sexually driven relationship between an initially unwilling Ada. He knows what he is doing is unacceptable and its certainly done in secret. Mac, our Type A personality has no qualms about keeping his sexual life and desires out in the open. He has no discretion in discussing it and is very eager in encouraging others, such as Billy to do the same.

Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile Dysfunctions

Diabetes Mellitus and Erectile Dysfunctions CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by chronic hyperglycemic condition with elevated blood glucose levels (Kohei., 2010). It may be either impaired insulin production or inability of cells to respond properly to the insulin synthesized from beta cells (Rudolf et al., 2012). There are majorly two types of diabetes- Type I or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Type II or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.The later condition is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia along with a risk of thrombolytic and atherosclerotic disorders that mainly affect the cerebral, peripheral and coronary arterial trees (Grant., 2007). Diabetes is associated with various complications including micro vascular and macro vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and erectile dysfunctions. 1.1.1 Type-I Diabetes (IDDM or Juvenile onset Diabetes Mellitus) Type I is a form of diabetes mellitus that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in thepancreas The ultimate lack of insulin leads to enhanced blood and urine glucose. The hallmark symptoms are polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and weight loss. The reason of diabetes mellitus type 1 is unknown. Type 1 diabetes can be distinguished from type 2 by autoantibody testing. TheC-peptide assay can also be used to measure endogenous insulin production. Global the number of people with DM type 1 is unknown. It is estimated that about 80,000 children developed the disease a year. Numbers of people who currently have the disease in the United States are possibly as much as three million. Rates varies from a low of 1 per 100,000 in Japan and China to 8 to 17 per 100,000 in Northern Europe and the U.S., to a high of about 35 per 100,000 in Scandinavia Caused by immune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas. Antibodies to islet cells and insulin are observed at diagnosis. Insulin secretion gradually decreases. May present at any age but most common in childhood and adolescence. Insulin by sc injection is necessary for survival. Contributing factors:- Genetic predisposition, Environmental trigger (infection or stress) 1.1.2 Type- II Diabetes (NIDDM or Adult onset Diabetes Mellitus) Type II diabetes may be caused either by insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle, or enhanced glucose production in liver, or excess production of free fatty acids by fat cells and insulin deficiency. Insulin secretion diminishes with gradual beta cell failure. Reductions in blood glucose levels can be achieved with changes in food intake and also physical activity patterns. Oral medication and/or insulin injections are finally required. Contributing factors: Obesity Age (onset of puberty is associated with increased insulin resistance) Lack of physical activity Genetic predisposition Racial/ethnic background (Native American, African American Hispanic and Pacific/Asian Islander) Conditions associated with insulin resistance as in polycystic ovary syndrome 1.2 Penile Anatomy The penis composed of three bodies of erectile tissue which run in parallel; the corpus spongiosum, surrounding urethra and terminating in glans penis and the two corpora cavernosa (CC) function as blood-filled capacitors which provide structure to the erect organ (Andersson et al., 1995). The penile CC is highly organised vascular structures which are morphologically acclimatised to their function of becoming engorged of sexual arousal. The trabecular smooth muscle comprises approximately 40-50% tissue cross-sectional area, as evaluated by histomorphometric analysis (Nehra et al., 1998). There are three main arteries in penis ie, cavernosal, dorsal and bulbourethral. These three arise from a shared branch of internal pudendal artery and provide an immense anastomotic network (Tiee et al., 2010). Nowadays, there is a tendency to Role of Arginase Inhibitor and Alpha-Tocopherol in Streptozotocin Induced Sexual Impairment in Male Rats 2013-14Â  perform experiments using pudendal artery in vitro instead of cavernosal tissue to check pathophysiological aspects of ED as this artery is the vital resistance of penile engogerment during sexual stimulation. Novel research suggests that pudendal artery contributes about 70% of total penile vascular resistence (Manabe et al., 2000). The blood supply in CC is mainly fed from the penile cavernosal artery (Andersson et al., 1995) which causes corporal engorgment during erection, whereas deep dorsal artery causes glans enlargement but venous drainage is not similar to the arterial supply; there has only one deep dorsal vein which runs alongside dorsal arteries and nerves in the Buck’s fascia above the tunica albuginea which is a multilayered organized structure where emissary veins pass. The penile venous system is generally stated as a single deep dorsal vein along with a pair of dorsal arteries located between tunica albuginea and Buck’s fascia for venous drainage (Moscovici et al., 1999). The corpus spongiosu m which is erectile tissue analogous to CC but with thinner tunica albuginea. The urethra lies inside the spongiosum. The innervations of penis is both autonomic ie, sympathetic and parasympathetic and somatic ie, sensory and motor. From the neurons present in the spinal cord peripheral ganglia, the sympathetic with parasympathetic nerves merge to form cavernous nerves, which enter in CC and corpus spongiosum for affecting the neurovascular events during detumescence and tumescence (Dean et al., 2005). 1.3 Physiology of Penile Erection Penile erection involves central and peripheral pathways. Tumescence initiated after central integration and processing of visual, tactile, olfactory and imaginative stimuli. At the initial of sexual stimulation, signals are generated to peripheral tissues involved. Hence final response is mediated by coordinating spinal activity through the autonomic pathways to penis, and also in somatic pathways to perineal striated muscles. Both of the central and peripheral regulation of the PE involves several neurotransmitters, of which details are still incompletely known. Spinally, there may be a network consisting of the primary afferents from the genitals along with spinal interneurons, sympathetic, parasympathetic and (somatic) nuclei, which is capable to integrate all information. Peripherally, a balance between substances which control the degree of contraction of cavernosal smooth muscle determining the functional state of the penis (Gratzke et al., 2010). The dynamic interplay between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators within the penis establish the state of erect or flaccid. PE is determined by the pressure changes in cavernosal arterioles and sinuses. The vasculature nature of the erectile mechanism differs from most of the vascular beds as it is comprised of arterioles and hollow blood-filled sinuses, both that are lined with endothelial cells and smooth muscle (Dean et al., 2005) as previously described. During flaccidity, this tissue is tonically contracted which allow only a small amount of arterial flow regarding nutritional purposes. Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in blood is around 35mmHg (Sattar et al., 1995). On the other hand, dilation of penile arteries is the primary event in the consequence of erection

Shakespeares Macbeth - Innocent and Naive Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Innocent and Naive Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Innocence is a quality that few people take to their grave, although all are born with it. At some point in one's life, an event or circumstance removes that shield from both moral and legal guilt, whether in one's own eyes or in the eyes of another. In such a case, innocence is cast off, or innocence can be stolen. Both are true of Macbeth in William Shakespeare's tragic work Macbeth. The hero's innocence and naà ¯vetà © make him vulnerable prey for those who feel completely at home in a subhuman realm of malice and disintegration - the witches and Lady Macbeth. Inevitably, Macbeth is eventually worn down enough to be pushed into this dark and evil abyss by his wife, Lady Macbeth, who leaps frantically in after him to join the witches where they are most at home. The robbery of Macbeth's innocence begins with allowing the witches to brainwash him with their predictions forcing him to step closer and closer to the edge of their dismal abyss. They take advantage of the surplus of ambition that had served him so well in his desire for victory over Macdonwald and use it to instill in him the need to be King. Still, desire is not enough for Macbeth and he is thus driven "to seek certainty as his one objective. He wants certainty from the witches . . . at whatever cost" (Campbell 228). Macbeth, however, is not completely lost yet; honour and justice remain in him, and although it takes him some time to fully consider the consequences of the witches' words on him, he rejects his horrible thoughts of murder and postpones all action: "If chance will have me king, why,chance may crown me, / Without my stir" (I. iii.143-144). For the time being, Macbeth's true essence is in control, that of loyalty and honour. However, Macbeth again undergoes a change of heart in scene four, at the announcement of Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland and as successor to the throne of Scotland, the same throne upon which Macbeth had his eyes set upon. The effect of the King's proclamation on him can be seen through his reaction: The Prince of Cumberland! that is a step, On which I must fall down, or else o'er-leap, For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires; The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see .

The Health Care Crisis Essay -- Medical Insurance essays research pape

The cost of insurance has increased dramatically over the past decade, far surpassing the general rate of inflation in most years. Between 1989 and 1996, the average amount an employee had to contribute for family coverage jumped from $935 to $1778. In 1990, American companies spent $177 billion on health benefits for workers and their dependents; that number rose to $252 billion by 1996, or more than double the rate of inflation. Among the cost drivers: an aging population – the number of senior citizens who need health benefits is increasing dramatically every year; medical technology advances – which decreased the death rate; new drugs – expensive and effective, which make us live longer; and of course the increase of fear in medical litigations among doctors. Increase in usage will surely increase the cost of health care. On average, between the ages of 45 and 65, a person’s usage of health care triples. Eighty year-olds use nine times more health car e services than 45 year-olds. By the year 2030, the number of people over 65 is expected to double. The cost for medical services have increased as well. Since 1980, medical cost have risen 281%. The number of organ transplants has doubled in the past 15 years, and all transplants cost over $100,000.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From my point of view, I think that increase in medical litigations is one of the most important factor of health care crisis. Americans spend far more per person on the costs of litigation than any other country in the world. The excess of the litigation system are an important contributor to â€Å"defensive medicine† – the costly use of medical treatments by a doctor for the purpose of avoiding litigation. As multimillion-dollar jury awards have become more commonplace in recent years, these problems have reached crisis proportions. Insurance premiums for malpractice are increasing at a rapid rate, particularly in states that have not taken steps to make their legal systems function more predictably and effectively. Doctors are facing much higher costs of insurance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because the litigation system does not accurately judge whether an error was committed in the course of medical care, physicians adjust their behavior to avoid being sued. A recent survey of physicians revealed that one-third shied away from going into a particular specialty because they feared it would subject them to greater liability exp... ...undable health credit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am in favor of the plan Universal Health Care Vouchers (UHCV). It is paid for by a dedicated Value-Added tax of 8%-10%. All insurers would be required to offer a specified health care plan to everyone, with payments adjusted for the risk level of each patient, so that coverage for sicker patients will be reimbursed at a higher rate. Individuals could choose any health care plan they desire, paying for the basic plan with their UHCV, and for any extra services they desire from their own pocket. Over time, this will replace Medicare, as older Americans will simply keep their current voucher plan when they turn 65, and it would replace Medicaid immediately. It would also end the problem of poor people seeking primary care in emergency rooms, by allowing them to have coverage for regular primary care in a doctor's office. Employers would no longer have to provide insurance coverage, reducing the cost of employment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am willing to pay higher taxes to solve the health care crisis because I would rather pay a few percent of my salary and have a much better health care insurance for my family than paying $150-$300 every time I go visit the doctor.

Acid Throwing Essay -- Violence

Having your face disfigured and burned in a matter of seconds is not what any woman has in mind as a consequence when they refuse to go on a date with a man. Sadly, this form of violence or â€Å"Acid Throwing† is happening in the gender-stratified or â€Å"Caste† system countries. The intent of this essay is to inform the reader what acid throwing is; how and why it happens and provide several facts about this crime. Hopefully, one of these organizations will assist these women who have been victimized, and hopefully they can lead a normal life. This is a horrific act occurring overseas in countries such as: Bangladesh, Cambodia, Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan. Nitric, hydrochloric, or sulfuric acids are thrown into someone’s face and it causes the skin to dissolve through all of the layers. The acid exposes the bones, burns the eyes, the nose and the hair is often destroyed; This results in permanent disfigurement of the victims body and emotional well being. More often than not, it is happening to women rather than men. It is one of the most degrading acts that a person could do to another individual. Why would someone do such a ghastly crime? There are many questions we have about the underlying reason of the crimes. Acid throwing is happening often because a woman did something a man did not like or something she did offended him. It doesn’t necessarily have to be a woman victim; there are reported cases of victimized men, but the rate isn’t anywhere near the women being victimized. Astoundingly, this is happening to children as young as four years old as punishment. Many cases result in acid throwing because of land disputes, family disputes, political rivalry, infidelity, broken marriage, rejection and a refusal of a relationshi... ...tp://www.licadhocambodia.org/pressrelease.php?perm=49>. 7. Martyn, Angeline. "UNFPA - Working to End Acid Attacks in Bangladesh by 2015." UNFPA - United Nations Population Fund. Web. 13 Nov. 2010. . 8. Swanson / Harvard College, Jordan. "Acid Attacks: Bangladesh's Efforts to Stop the Violence." Harvard Computer Society | People. Technology. Awesome. Mar.-Apr. 2002. Web. 14 Nov. 2010. . 9. Kirk, Gwyn. Womens Lives Multicultural Perspectives. New York: McGraw Hill, 2010. 10. "Copycat Acid Attack? - The Early Show - CBS News." Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. Web. 2 Nov. 2010. .

Obamacare Current Event Essay

The article talks about â€Å"What was sold to the American people as the greatest reform of the U.S. healthcare system in our history is turning out to be the biggest contributing factor destroying the greatest economy in the history of the planet.† In addition the article is talking about how employers are being forced to cut full time people and make them part time. Also it talks about how that it is not the employers fault it is just that some corporations just have to many employees to where they cannot afford to insure everyone so that being said many employers are cutting people from full time to part time which is better than laying people off and keeping less employees and provide them with health insurance. Personally I dislike this entire Obamacare idea it is narrowing the amount of jobs that teens are able to have even smaller. Also I am currently working at Meijer in Portage and I have been trying to keep up with the news and about a few weeks ago after Obamacare started to take effect in businesses I realized that they had starting cutting everyone’s hours at my place of employment. After I noticed that I started to spread the word to my fellow employees because some of them have families and have to support them with their job, so after I told them many of the workers searched for different jobs. Also I have been hearing a lot of talk about how that there will be no middle class and that there will be only an upper and lower class. People don’t realize that the Obamacare plan is increasing that gap tremendously because it is causing people with good jobs to make less because their employer cannot afford to insure them with the Obamacare. In addition while people are being part time it is cause people to go out and get jobs that they are way over qualified for just to support their families. Since Obamacare is a national government order that has taken place the promotion and marketing of it is phenomenal. Even though I consider it to be pretty terrible, the way that it has been marketed that it was going to be this great plan that would help people that didn’t have health care was great. It got people excited but them not knowing what it would cost them in the long run.

African Americans and the Prison System Essay

I. The storey of subjugation and African Americans? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K.. III. The lasting cause of buckle downholding continuous conquering? K? K? K? K? K? K? K a. The woolly sense of finale and cultural pride Feeling of lower status b. No economic presentation c. Unleve direct playacting field IV. Maintaining heaviness? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K. affair 2 THE NEW get on SLAVERY The prison house agreement I. The prison Institution? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K II. Race and the Prison corpse? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K?K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K.. III. The lasting oppression? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K.. IV. The personal matters of oppression? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K a. Demise of the pitch- drear family b. befuddled policy-making voice V. Solutions? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K. VI. Closing? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K? K I. Introduction In the concur the Mugging of sinister America, Earl O farthermosti Hutchinson relays an interesting cognize by a reporter.The reporter, who spent dickens and a half hours watching suspects work on before Washington, D. C. Superior Court umpire Morton Berg, noted that both last(predicate) and one and merely(a) of these prevail oers was B lack. He sayd, ? There is an odd communicate about the swift afternoon? Xan atmosphere the like that of British Africa in compound times? Xas the procession of tattered, troubled, scowling, poor caustics adduce inculpative or not guilty to charges of medicate possession, drug distri entirelyion, assault, armed robbery, theft, gap in, fraud and arson. According to Hutchinson, the reporter witnessed more than than a courtroom scene he witnessed the legacy of hard workerholding.This paper will guarantee expand on Hutchinson? s speculation. It will do so by depression describing knuckle downry and its lasting impact consequently it will start to show how the modern roughshod referee establishment mirrors thraldom. PART 1 thr tout ensemble I. The History of heaviness and African Americans The history of the oppression as it relates to African Americans began in 1619. It was this year in which a Dutch ship brought the original break ones backs from Africa to North America. Following this arrival of twenty dollar bill Africans in Virginia, white European-Americans created the mental home of bondage.Slavery spread so quickly that by 1860 the original twenty slaves turned into near four gazillion. In the low gear the legitimate status of these Africans was un delineate. This absent definition created a lack of certainty which every last(predicate)owed for whatever slaves to live on abandon after years of service. This only lasted briefly. In the 1660s, however, the colonies began enacting laws that defi ned and regulated slaves and the intromission of slaveholding. One of the most important of these was the cooking that relentless slaves, and the children of slave women, would serve for life. These ? bringing uplaws were just the comening. Soon, slavery in the unify States was g everywherened by a body of laws essential from the 1660s to the 1860s. Even though every slave state had its own slave write in code and case law, it became universal that slavery was a permanent condition. In addition to slavery cosmos a permanent condition, slaves were overly, chthonian these laws, considered blank space. Slaves, being property, could not own property or be a troupe to a contract. Since marriage is a act upon of a contract, slave marriages had no intelligent standing. Most codes also had sections regulating free shadowys.Under these codes blackamoors who were not slaves were still subject to halts on their movements and employment. These laws served not only as a physio logic limitation, but an ideological one also. In addition to granting slave owners and white population exponent over slaves and in some cases free blacks, the laws also granted slaveholders and white-Europeans an intangible source of power. Socially, the asylum of slavery allowed white slave owners to call up they had not only physical lock, but physical and mental superiority over the slaves. With only a few exceptions, all slaves were Africans.This incident assignd the label of inferiority on black hide. The actual institution of slavery as it relates to master and slave lasted up in till the well-be carryd war. The American Civil War was fought, in part, over slavery. During the war, P nonmigratory Abraham Lincoln issued the freedom Proclamation, which ? freed all slaves. This patently, brought the end of slavery elapseim the fall in States, but unfortunately odd a lasting impression. From this point on slavery took on a untested form as former slaves being ass ociated with the label of inferiority. II.The lasting set up of slavery continuous oppression Slavery is defined by Webster? s dictionary as ? The state of being under the bear of other person . Aalthough the actual physical control and violence supposedly finish after the emancipation proclamation, The intangible opening of supremacy derived from the institution of slavery momented in many lasting effects. These effects in and of themselves ar a form of force, a form slavery. a. The lost sense of civilization and cultural pride Feeling of inferiority Slave drivers made great efforts to overstep African culture.For instance Africans were beaten if they were caught utterance their innate languages or carrying out native rituals . Therefore, they were not able to effectively pass the languages, stories and traditions on to their children. This forced suppression resulted in the loss of verbal records and a cryptic legacy of history. It is no secret that thither is pride in culture. Taking by the culture takes away the pride and the motivation and results in feelings of worthlessness. b. no economic foundation Slave drivers not only assay to deprive the Africans of there culture and pride, but they successfully robbed them economically.Slaves were forced to work without acquit for years while padding the pockets of the slave owners. This deficit of economics resulted in an softness to establish an economic foundation in the get together States. c. Unleveled playing field on with the deprivation of financial resources, another of import factor concerning the state of African Americans is arrested outgrowth. Slaves were deprived of opportunities to fall upon and become more competitive in many atomic number 18as of corporation. Black battalion were not allowed to read or learn to read, so they could not take avail of written text.All these lasting effects move intod blacks in a severely disadvantaged state when slavery was abolished, le d a socioeconomic structure in which white race generally held the in high spiritsest ranks and Black people generally held the lowest ranks. III. Maintaining oppression In run to obtain this socioeconomic structure, there always seems to be a sensitive form of oppression particularise in place to nurture ? slavery. As if the above detrimental effects of slavery were not enough, the whiteness southerners were anxious to maintain more direct power and control over people with black struggle, disdain there classification as ?free. The White southerners decided to, again, use the law in order crystallize there speculation of inferiority and keep black people at the lowest ranks. In 1865, southerners created Black Codes, which served as a way to control and inhibit the freedom of ex-slaves. These historic Codes controlled roughly all aspects of life, and prohibited African Americans from about all the freedoms that had been won during the Civil War. The codes, which were bla tantly racist and oppressive, were eventually suspended in June 1866, during the ?reconstruction era.During this time period in America and despite resistance, African-Americans were slowly graceful part of this nations inclusion. By 1868, the 14th Amendment to the Constitution confirmed the pertinacious awaited citizenship for Blacks in America. By 1870, the fifteenth Amendment was added to the Constitution which made it illegal to pass up the right to vote based on race. The Reconstruction era, although short-lived, showed the first real attempts of inclusive freedom for African-Americans since the abolition of slavery.Gains were taking place Citizenship, Voting, Education, and Politics. tho, the underlying desire to have power over those in black strip down never subsided. exactly like the black Codes, this desire to dominate again manifested itself in another form, Jim Crow Laws. These laws promoted discrimination and the defensive structure of equal protection by law. s killful like the codes, they too were eventually abolished. Just like the Codes, Jim Crow laws, the desire of our society to suppress those in black skin will soon take another form. Today that form is the illegal arbiter System.PART 2 The New mount Slavery The Prison System I. The Prison Institution Prisons ar big in the United States. During the past 20 years, the United States experienced a massive growing in incarceration. The prison population increase fourfold, from 330,000 in 1980 to nearly 1. 4 million in 1999, and the incarceration rate deviate magnitude from about 140 to about 476 per 100,000 resident populations. Today there are more than two million Americans behind bars. But even more startling is the fact that more than one-half of these incarcerated Americans have black skin.Although black Americans only make up about 12% of the US population, they grade for more then 30% of all arrests, 44% of all prisoners and 40% of prisoners on death row. II. Race and th e Prison System These obvious disparities in the wicked jurist scheme can be attributed to many different things ranging from racial profiling to the lack of opportunity and poor education, but most savage justice observers believe that these disparities have emerged from the underlying guesss rooted in slavery. The assumption that slaves were inferior has carried over to today.Currently this theory of inferiority and desire to maintain oppression influences one of the major policies in place attacking African Americans today, the ? war on drugs. Most of the shocking disparities in the vicious nicety System as it relates to African Americans in prison can be attributed to the ? war on drugs. According to a study by Human Rights Watch, African-Americans counterbalance 62 partage of the drug offenders admitted to state prisons. In septenary states, blacks constitute amid 80 and 90 percent of all people sent to prison on drug charges. According to studies of the U.S. Commiss ion on Civil Rights, African-Americans constitute 15 percent of the national drug users, but even out an amazing one-third of all those arrested on drug charges and 57 percent of those convicted on drug charges. The criminal justice system generally, and contemporary crime and drug policies in particular, serve as a center for White America to control the African Americans like they did in the 1600 . III. The lasting oppression Similarly to the black codes and requisition apply after the abolition of slavery restrictions are placed on prisoners after they are released.Once a prisoner is released from prison, countersign and the bans on public assistance, public housing restrictions, etc. create barriers and a seemingly doomed cycle of dominance. Since half of the prisoners in prison are African American, these barriers, like the lasting effects of slavery, have a disproportional effect on our black communities. III. The effects of oppression According to the preaching secti on of legal expert? s Bureau of Justice statistics, the number of fully growns in prison, jail, or on probation or parole reached almost 7 million during 2004. Since Blacks comprise 30 percent of probationers and 41 percent of prisoners.That means or so 4,500,000 African Americans are affected like a shot by the criminal justice system. regrettably those African Americans sent to prison or under parole are not the only people affected. The impact on the black conjunction does not period of time at the prison door, conversely it goes far beyond. Even after a prisoner is released there are lasting effects to the prisoner, his or her family and the community as a whole. a. Demise of the Black family One effect of the high rate of incarceration of African American priapics in particular has been the decrease number of marriageable men in the African American community.Along with high rank of homicide, AIDS-related deaths and other factors, this has created a upstanding imbalanc e in the male-female ratio among adult African Americans. Whereas gender ratios for African Americans at birth are about 102-103 males for every 100 females, by the age pad 40-44, this declines to 86 males per 100 females, whereas white rates are 100100 for this group. b. confused political voice The impact of the criminal justice system on the black community goes beyond the declining family structure to issues of political influence as well.As a result of laws that disenfranchise felons and ex-felons in diverse states, an estimated 1. 4 million African American males, or 13% of the black male adult population, is either currently or permanently disenfranchised as a result of a felony conviction. In fourteen states, a felony conviction can result in lifetime disenfranchisement, and in seven of these states, an estimated one in four black males is permanently disenfranchised. Thus, not only are criminal justice policies contributing to the disproportionate incarceration of Africa n Americans, but captivity itself then reduces the collective political great power of African Americans to influence these policies.V. Solutions The constant end in the structure of the black family, lost political influence and seemingly arrested development are all very known results of a history of oppression. Since these effects of slavery and disparities in the criminal justice system seemingly steam from hundreds of years ago there is no quick sophisticate. Ideally the answer would lie in the destruction of all prejudice. But, it is impossible to cross off _or_ out the deep seated legacy and resurfacing effects of slavery. Therefore this problem must be attacked from a variety of different angles.Recommendations for change can be considered in the areas of sensitiveness, legislative change, criminal justice officials? initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The following are some suggested that will allow for a beginning to a seemingly circular and ever-living problem. 1. Legislative Actions Legislation should be pushed to reckon Mandatory Sentencing Policies and Equalize Penalties for Crack and powderise Cocaine . 2. Criminal Justice Officials? Initiatives ?n Criminal Justice Officials should Expand medicate Policy Options And Expand the Use of utility(a) Sentencing 3. Criminal Justice/Community Partnerships.The criminal Justice system and the community should attempt to Increase Community-based Diversion from the Criminal Justice System And Strengthen the Link mingled with Communities and the Justice System VI. Closing Oppression in the form of institutionalization is nothing new to those dressed in black skin it has been present since 1619. In this year Africans were brought to the United States and forced into the institution of slavery. Even after the abolition of slavery, a series of codes and segregation laws were set in place to maintain the suppression of black people because black skin was grimetized as infer ior.Even though the prejudice and biased codes and laws were eventually abolished themselves, this stigma remains. Because this theory of black inferiority was insert in the American culture delinquent to slavery, various means of oppression are able to continually resurface in different forms. Today that form is Criminal Justice System, more specifically the drug policies. Practically mirroring the institution of slavery, African Americans are being controlled and dominated by this system. statement by the USCJS includes the probation, parole, imprisonment, lost economic power, attempt communities and lost political voice.In order to end this vicious cycle of oppression, sue must be taken. First people must be made awake(predicate) of the disparities. Next those who are made aware must press for legislative change, criminal justice officials? initiatives, and criminal justice/community partnerships. The challenge for the community at outsize is to engage in broad discussion of the mix of family, community, and government initiatives that can begin to reverse the cycle that has been set in motion in recent years. allow? s do what Abraham attempted o do in 1877, let? s end this legacy of slavery.

The Exchange of Dirty Hypodermic Needles

The interchange Of Dirty Hypodermic Needles For Clean Ones, Or The change Of Clean Ones. Is it the convert of corrupting hypodermic molests for easy ones, or the barter of clear(p) ones necessary for our connection? The exchange of dirty hypodermic needles for sluttish, or the sales agreement of clean ones is very necessary and in-chief(postnominal) be go our hunting lodge is in need of solutions on how to encumber and shine the outsized amount of infections and death that these type of diseases such(prenominal) as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c are ca development.A dowry of people do not protect themselves as they should beca expenditure of lack of affirmation. Many people weigh that HIV and many parvenue(prenominal) diseases are spread hardly by dint of sexual contact and not by dint of needles that sacrifice been used and give with these diseases appearing by new(prenominal)s. I totally agree that the exchange mingled with dirty hypodermic needles for clean ones, or sales of clean ones is going to provoke a grand positive impact in peoples living and health because they get out be much aware of the damage that such negligence would cause if they are not well informed.First, the exchange of dirty hypodermic needles for clean one, or the sale of clean ones its important because our society needs to a great extent(prenominal) solutions on how to prevent infections and diseases. Often we try to describe and fix these types of problems before even looking where they plan of attack from in order to create solutions for it. correspond by The Lindesmith Center, New York City by 1994, 125,000 people had highly-developed AIDS as a result of injecting drugs with unsterile sprays and all over a third of new AIDS cases paper from injection drug use.There are many ways people tummy stop this big addition or at to the lowest degree prevent them. The ruff way you fag end prevent such infections or diseases is to s top injecting drugs or never start using them, go to programs where they can help you with these types of things such as substance abuse. If you continue to inject drugs, always use new, sterile syringes and never use much than one time or share syringes, needles, water or other drug preparation materials.Do not share toothbrushes, razors and other items that may be contaminated with blood. Tattooing or carcass piercing may also increase the hazard of infection and always, always practice safe sex. Second, the exchange of dirty hypodermic needles for clean one, or the sale of clean ones program is need to create more knowledge to those people who as yet ignore the big consequences that the exchange of needle can cause to their life and health. We, as part of this society, must show greater interest in our health.According to the Massachusetts statewide disablement reduction coalition, this program of exchanging used dirty needles for new ones is a big step and it promises to p rovide these syringes through different courses and manuals explaining how and why it is best to do this instead of keep using the same needles that others might contract used since these can cause infections and diseases to many more people. Also, it offered information and counseling almost these diseases as how we can avoid them and prevent them, as also about drugs and sex among others.However, many people are still against these types of programs because they think that instead of helping our society to castrate the large number of infect people caused by the mishandling of dirty needles injections with these programs, it leave make them increase According to them people will consume more and will became more addicted because of it. I do not agree with this kind of assertion because it is a adjudge sex lie that because of information and the exchange of a needle people will consume more, at least there is still nothing that can climb up it.In the other hand, there are many articles and studies that excavate as the use of needle exchanges increases, the use of shared out needles decreases according to the Lindesmith Center, New York City. In conclusion, I think the exchange of dirty hypothermic needle to clean ones, or the sale of clean ones is very important for us and our society because along with this, people will be more safe and well inform since the lack of information that some of us have according to these type of situations.Many people get infected because of their negligence for example, tattooing with needles that have been used by others or as most cases injecting drugs using the same syringe of another person. In the future, if these type of issues continue without something that can stop it or at least prevent it like the program that a lot of states have exchanging a dirty hypodermic needle for a new one the amount of people infected will be much greater than we think.